The ongoing conflict between Ukraine and Russia has prompted a reassessment of military strategies worldwide. According to Gen. (ret.) Sir Nick Carter, a former chief of the General Staff of the British Army, the lessons learned from this war should not solely focus on technological advancements but must also encompass a broader understanding of military doctrine and cultural evolution.
Reflecting on his 45 years of military service, Carter emphasized the importance of integrating new technologies with established military practices. He noted that during a battlefield tour of the Somme in 2001, he learned from the late historian Richard Holmes about the evolutionary use of tanks during World War I. Initially deployed as infantry protection, tanks became most effective when combined with infantry, artillery, and air support. This historical context underscores the necessity of a combined arms approach, which remains relevant in today’s combat scenarios.
Carter observed that while Ukraine’s use of drones has garnered attention, these technologies should not be perceived as a definitive shift in warfare. Instead, they are compensatory measures addressing existing capability gaps. He pointed out that the current battlefield dynamics in Ukraine resemble the attritional warfare of World War I, where technological innovations have yet to lead to decisive outcomes.
The former general urged NATO forces to approach the lessons from Ukraine with caution. He stressed that indiscriminate adoption of tactics observed in Ukraine could lead to miscalculations. “All wars are sui generis,” Carter reminded, emphasizing that each conflict is unique and shaped by various factors, including military culture and operational doctrines.
Integrating New Technologies
Carter advocated for a systematic approach to integrating new technologies into military operations. He highlighted that NATO forces must not only adopt innovative tools like drones but also develop the necessary doctrines and operational concepts to utilize these technologies effectively. Lasting change will require a cultural shift within military organizations, fostering adaptability and initiative among commanders at all levels.
The integration of software-defined systems and autonomous platforms must occur alongside traditional military capabilities. Carter noted that while drones are becoming more affordable and effective, they must complement existing assets such as tanks and infantry fighting vehicles. “Integration is the real source of advantage,” he stated, underscoring that technological advancements will yield their full potential only when harmonized with legacy systems.
Carter’s insights encourage a reevaluation of how NATO militaries strategize for future conflicts. He cautioned against viewing Ukraine’s drone-centric approach as a one-size-fits-all model, as it arises from specific operational needs rather than a comprehensive strategy for modern warfare. The lessons derived from this conflict should inform, but not dictate, the development of NATO’s future military strategies.
The Importance of Doctrine and Culture
Carter underscored the historical precedent of evolving military doctrine as a catalyst for change. He cited the development of the AirLand Battle doctrine during the 1980s, which emerged from the lessons learned during conflicts like the Vietnam War and the Yom Kippur War. This evolution was not merely about technology but required a cultural shift that empowered unit leaders to adapt and respond to dynamic battlefield conditions.
To achieve meaningful transformation, NATO must engage in rigorous research, operational analysis, and realistic training exercises. Carter emphasized that understanding the operational potential and limitations of new systems, such as autonomous drones, is crucial. Testing these technologies in various scenarios will aid in refining tactics and operational concepts.
As NATO contemplates its future military structure, it must consider the specific operational contexts it may face. For instance, the strategies employed in Ukraine may not directly translate to confrontations with advanced adversaries like China. Each theater of operations will demand distinct approaches, shaped by the unique challenges posed by the enemy.
Embracing Change for the Future
Carter’s reflections serve as a call to action for NATO and allied forces to envision a new way of warfare. He reiterated that true change requires a systematic process underpinned by a culture of learning and adaptability. As military leaders, policymakers, and operational thinkers assess the evolving landscape of warfare, they must prioritize the development of doctrines and concepts that leverage technological advancements while remaining grounded in historical lessons.
The future of warfare will undoubtedly be influenced by rapid advancements in technology, including artificial intelligence and software-defined systems. However, as Carter aptly noted, these innovations must be integrated within a coherent framework that emphasizes mission command, decentralized decision-making, and the ability to outmaneuver adversaries.
Ultimately, the direction of military change will depend on how NATO countries envision their future warfare strategies. Acknowledging the unique characteristics of each conflict and fostering a culture of innovation will be essential as they prepare for the complexities of modern combat.
