The National Health Service (NHS) has issued a warning to individuals diagnosed with osteoarthritis regarding the potential risks associated with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). These medications, commonly used for managing pain and inflammation, may lead to serious side effects, including the development of stomach ulcers.
According to a report from Arthritis UK published in March 2025, more than 10 million people in the UK are currently living with arthritis, including the elderly as well as young adults and children. Among these patients, osteoarthritis is identified as the most prevalent form of arthritis. It can lead to painful and stiff joints, significantly affecting mobility and quality of life. The NHS emphasizes that “almost any joint can be affected by osteoarthritis,” though it most frequently impacts the knees, hips, and small joints of the hands.
Patients experiencing persistent symptoms of osteoarthritis are encouraged to consult their General Practitioner (GP) for a proper diagnosis and tailored treatment plan. While NSAIDs are a commonly prescribed option for managing pain, they are not universally suitable. The NHS cautions that individuals with certain medical conditions, such as asthma, a history of stomach ulcers, or cardiovascular issues, should exercise caution when considering NSAIDs.
The most commonly prescribed NSAIDs include:
– ibuprofen
– naproxen
– diclofenac
– celecoxib
– mefenamic acid
– etoricoxib
– indomethacin
– aspirin (note that low-dose aspirin is not typically classified as an NSAID)
While some of these medications can be purchased over the counter, others require a prescription from a healthcare provider. Due to the potential for side effects, including gastrointestinal issues and more severe complications like internal bleeding, it is vital for patients to discuss their medical history with a doctor before initiating treatment.
The NHS has outlined specific groups that should consult a GP prior to taking NSAIDs, including those who:
– Are over 65 years of age
– Are pregnant or attempting to conceive
– Are breastfeeding
– Have asthma
– Have experienced allergic reactions to NSAIDs in the past
– Have a history of stomach ulcers
– Suffer from heart, liver, kidney, blood pressure, circulation, or bowel issues
– Are taking other medications
– Are seeking treatment for children under 16 years old (aspirin should not be given to this age group)
While NSAIDs can be effective for many, the NHS highlights that alternatives may be more appropriate for certain individuals. For example, if NSAIDs are deemed unsuitable, healthcare professionals may recommend paracetamol or other pain relief options.
It is important to note that over-the-counter NSAIDs tend to have a lower likelihood of causing severe side effects compared to prescription-strength options. Nonetheless, risks may increase for individuals who are older, in poor health, or taking high doses over extended periods.
Possible side effects of NSAIDs can include:
– Indigestion, leading to stomach aches or nausea
– Stomach ulcers, which can result in internal bleeding and anemia
– Headaches
– Drowsiness and dizziness
– Allergic reactions
– In rare cases, complications affecting the liver, kidneys, or heart, including heart failure, heart attacks, or strokes
The NHS strongly advises patients to seek medical guidance if they are currently taking other medications, as interactions could result in adverse effects. Individuals using NSAIDs should consult their GP if they are on:
– Another NSAID
– Low-dose aspirin or warfarin (blood clot prevention medications)
– Ciclosporin (for autoimmune conditions)
– Diuretics (for high blood pressure)
– Lithium (for mental health conditions)
– Methotrexate (for inflammatory conditions like rheumatoid arthritis)
– Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), such as citalopram or fluoxetine (Prozac)
In conclusion, while NSAIDs can provide significant relief for those suffering from osteoarthritis, the potential for serious side effects necessitates careful consideration and consultation with healthcare providers. The NHS encourages patients to prioritize safety and ensure they are informed about the risks associated with these medications.
