Negotiations on the Pathogen Access and Benefit‐Sharing (PABS) system have progressed as World Health Organization (WHO) Member States convened in a resumed session of the Intergovernmental Working Group (IGWG) from January 20 to January 22, 2026. This session marked a significant step in the ongoing dialogue regarding the PABS system, a crucial element of the agreement adopted by the World Health Assembly (WHA) in May 2025.
During these discussions, Member States engaged in text-based negotiations to address outstanding issues in the draft annex. The aim was to narrow differences and identify areas of convergence among the participating nations. According to Ambassador Tovar da Silva Nunes of Brazil, co-chair of the IGWG Bureau, there were positive indications of progress. He stated, “I am encouraged by the progress we have made in several areas, with signs of emerging consensus for some parts of the Pathogen Access and Benefit‐Sharing system.”
Key Discussions and Future Focus
As the session unfolded, the focus remained on complex issues that have yet to be resolved. Ambassador Nunes emphasized that the resumed discussions provided a clearer understanding of the current status of negotiations. Mr. Matthew Harpur, co-chair of the IGWG Bureau from the United Kingdom, noted the constructive nature of the talks, expressing optimism about the ongoing collaboration among Member States. “As we make progress towards the May deadline, I am encouraged by their willingness to work together and bridge differences to deliver an effective Pathogen Access and Benefit‐Sharing system,” he remarked.
The PABS system aims to facilitate the safe, transparent, and accountable sharing of pathogens with pandemic potential and their genetic sequence information. Furthermore, the system is designed to ensure fair and equitable sharing of benefits arising from the use of these pathogens, which includes vaccines, therapeutics, and diagnostics.
Next Steps and Global Implications
The fourth meeting of the IGWG, held in December 2025, prompted this resumed session at the request of Member States seeking to extend discussions. The outcome of the IGWG’s work will ultimately be submitted to the Seventy-ninth World Health Assembly in May 2026 for consideration.
In closing, Dr. Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus, WHO Director-General, highlighted the importance of a robust PABS system in fostering a safer and more equitable world. He acknowledged the commitment of Member States to multilateral solutions, stating, “A strong Pathogen Access and Benefit‐Sharing system will be a cornerstone of a safer and more equitable world.”
The ongoing efforts of the WHO and its Member States reflect a concerted push towards enhancing global health security through collaborative frameworks designed to manage pandemic threats effectively. As negotiations continue, the international community awaits the outcomes that will shape future health governance.
